Top Selenium Java Automation Testing Interview Questions & Answers

1. What is a test automation framework?

A test automation framework is a structured set of guidelines, practices, and tools used to automate the testing of software applications efficiently and maintainably. It acts like the blueprint or skeleton for writing and running automated test scripts.

2. What is a test automation framework?

  1. Code Reusability – Write once, use many times.
  2. Easy Maintenance – Centralized management of locators, test data, etc.
  3. Modularity – Breaks tests into smaller, independent pieces.
  4. Scalability – Supports growing test suites with ease.
  5. Reporting – Generates readable test execution reports.
  6. Logging – Tracks what happened during test execution.
  7. Integration – Works well with CI/CD tools, version control, etc.

3. What is a page object model?

The Page Object Model (POM) is a design pattern used in test automation that helps you create clean, maintainable, and reusable test code — especially for web applications.

In POM, each web page of your application is represented by a separate class (a “Page Object”), and all the elements (buttons, fields, links, etc.) and actions (clicks, form submissions, etc.) on that page are defined as methods in that class.

4. Why do we use Page Object Model (POM)?

Better Code Organization
Keeps UI locators and actions in one place.

Reusability
You can use the same page object in multiple tests.

Easier Maintenance
If a page changes, you update only one file — not all your test scripts.

Improved Readability
Tests become more readable and behave like real-world actions.

5. Common Tools Used in Frameworks?

  1. Selenium – Web automation
  2. JUnit/TestNG – Unit testing and reporting
  3. Cucumber/Behave – BDD support
  4. Allure/Extent Reports – Reporting
  5. Maven/Gradle – Build management
  6. Jenkins/GitHub Actions – CI/CD

6. What is the role of TestNG in Automation Testing?

TestNG is a testing framework that helps organize, execute, and manage automated tests efficiently. It supports features like test grouping, prioritization, parallel execution, and data-driven testing. It also generates detailed reports and integrates well with tools like Selenium and CI/CD pipelines.